yokoshigesan shoji ( 横繁桟障子) or yokoshige shoji have rectangles that are longer in the horizontal direction they are more common in the east of Japan. This is the standard pattern used in most shoji. mabarasan shoji ( 疎桟障子) or aragumi shoji have large squarish openings, and are quick to assemble. While frames are handcrafted, there is also industrial mass-production. These tools are often homemade as shoji-making is highly competitive, these give kumiko craftspeople a critical competitive advantage. While frames can be produced with minimal hand tools, specialized hand tools, power tools, and jigs for cutting identical lengths and angles speed the process. Small kumiko may simply be friction-fitted and glued. The jigumi kumiko are generally joined with simple halved joints, but where jigumi kumiko cross at a non-right-angle, or three cross at the same point ( mitsu-kude ), the angles can become complicated, and specialized tools are used to cut them rapidly. The tsukeko are joined with mortise-and-tenon joints, with either a jaguchi joint or a more complex mitered joint. The kumiko are the fine wooden laths of the screen, and the tsukeko are the heavier members (usually around the edge). There can be substantial artistry in frame design. Rectangular shoji may skew, in which case bent springs of bamboo are inserted into the short diagonal to push them back square. Patterns can be classified according to jigumi, the foundational grid this may be square, diamond-shaped, or hexagonal. While these are traditionally used for shoji, they are increasingly used for other woodwork items, in and outside Japan. However, about 200 traditional patterns are used each has a symbolism, associated with the natural pattern it stylistically represents. The traditional wood-and-paper construction is highly flammable. Shoji are used in both traditional-style Japanese houses and in Western-style housing, especially in the washitsu (traditional Japanese-style room). This style was simplified in teahouse-influenced sukiya-zukuri architecture, and spread to the homes of commoners in the Edo Period (1603–1868), since which shoji have been largely unchanged. Shoji rose in popularity as an integral element of the shoin-zukuri style, which developed in the Kamakura Period (1123–1333), as loss of income forced aristocrats into more modest and restrained architecture. Sliding doors cannot traditionally be locked. Shoji are also thought to encourage a home's inhabitants to speak and move softly, calmly, and gracefully, an important part of the ethos behind sukiya-zukuri architecture. Like curtains, shoji give visual privacy, but they do not block sounds. While shoji block wind, they do allow air to diffuse through, important when buildings were heated with charcoal. As exterior walls, shoji diffuse sunlight into the house as interior partitions between rooms, they allow natural light deep into the interior. Shoji are valued for not setting a sharp barrier between the interior and the exterior outside influences such as the swaying silhouettes of trees, or the chorus of frogs, can be appreciated from inside the house. In modern construction, the shoji often do not form the exterior surface of the building they sit inside a sliding glass door or window. The posts are generally placed one tatami-length (about 2 m or 6 ft) apart, and the shoji slide in two parallel wood-groove tracks between them. Fully traditional buildings may have only one large room, under a roof supported by a post-and-lintel frame, with few or no permanent interior or exterior walls the space is flexibly subdivided as needed by the removable sliding wall panels. 
Shoji are very lightweight, so they are easily slid aside, or taken off their tracks and stored in a closet, opening the room to other rooms or the outside. Shoji usually slide, but may occasionally be hung or hinged, especially in more rustic styles.
Where light transmission is not needed, the similar but opaque fusuma is used (oshiire/closet doors, for instance ). The shoji are surrounded by an engawa (porch/corridor) the engawa is surrounded by garasu-do, all-glass sliding panels.Ī shoji ( 障 （ しょう ） 子 （ じ ）, Japanese pronunciation: ) is a door, window or room divider used in traditional Japanese architecture, consisting of translucent (or transparent) sheets on a lattice frame. A tatami room surrounded by paper shoji (paper outside, lattice inside).
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